Hybrid Battery–Supercapacitor Energy Management System for Electric Vehicles with Integrated AI

Author

Dr. B. S. Dani, Mr. Sagar Tetu, Mr. Rohan Hattimare, Mr. Harsh Markand, Mr. Rajat Lonare, Mr. Ayush Bhorkar

Abstract

 This paper describes the hardware of a hybrid battery–supercapacitor system for a small electric vehicle. The load keeps changing: cruising needs little power, but starting, overtaking and climbing ask for short, heavy current pulses. A lead-acid battery handles the steady part well, but repeated spikes heat it and shorten its life. A supercapacitor gives and takes high current easily, though it stores much less energy. So the battery carries the average load and a supercapacitor bank is kept ready for peaks and braking energy.

The prototype has a 12 V lead-acid battery, a series bank of 2.7 V, 500 F supercapacitor cells with balancing, a 250 W, 12 V, 1300 rpm BLDC motor, a motor driver, relay modules, voltage and current sensors, a gyrometer for slope, a small DC–DC supply and an Arduino controller. Each component is described with a picture, its rated parameters and its job in the project, and the output of the monitoring dashboard is shown at the end.

Keywords

Hybrid Energy Storage System , Battery–Supercapacitor hybrid, Electric Vehicles (EVs), Integrated AI, Machine learning control, Intelligent energy management

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References

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