A Low-Cost Multi-Parameter Framework for Intelligent Earthing Condition Monitoring and Preventive Maintenance

Author

Dhiraj Bhagat, Akshay Chandekar, Jayesh Patode, Nikhil Meshram, Rohit Raut, Prof. V. R. Jambhulkar

Abstract

 Earthing is a fundamental safety measure in electrical installations, as it provides a low-impedance path for fault current and facilitates the proper operation of protective devices. However, the condition of an earthing system may deteriorate over time due to variations in soil moisture, electrode corrosion, loose connections, environmental influences, and modifications to the electrical installation. Although periodic inspections and earth resistance measurements are essential for ensuring safety, assessments conducted at scheduled intervals may not always identify developing abnormal conditions at an early stage.

This paper presents a low-cost, microcontroller-based framework for supplementary monitoring of earthing conditions. The proposed prototype integrates soil moisture sensing with electrical measurements to assess the observed condition of the earthing system. The acquired sensor data are processed using predefined decision rules to classify the condition into three categories: Normal, Warning, and Maintenance Required. A local indication system comprising an LCD, LEDs, and a buzzer provides status alerts, while GSM or Wi-Fi communication can be incorporated to enable remote notifications. The proposed framework is intended to support timely maintenance decisions and complement conventional earthing inspection and testing procedures, rather than replace established earth resistance testing methods or electrical protective devices. As the project is currently under development, no quantitative performance results are claimed. A validation methodology involving sensor calibration, measurement repeatability, threshold selection, and comparison with established earthing test methods is also outlined.

Keywords

earthing, grounding, condition monitoring, soil moisture, microcontroller, preventive maintenance, fault indication, Internet of Things

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References

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