Modeling and Control of a Multivariable Dual Active Bridge Isolated DC–DC Converter

Author

Umar Saleh Longwap, Jibril Danladi. Jiya and Ahmed Mohammed

Abstract

 This paper develops a state-space and transfer-function model of a multivariable, four-port, isolated Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC–DC converter and designs a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for dual selectable output voltage regulation (400 V and 500 V). The large-signal switched model of the converter is derived for the dTs and (1−d)Ts switching intervals, averaged, and linearized about the operating point using small-signal (Taylor-series) analysis to obtain the small-signal and steady-state transfer functions relating output voltage to duty cycle and input voltage. A PID controller, tuned using the Ziegler–Nichols method followed by simulation-based refinement, is implemented on an ATmega328P microcontroller to generate the pulse-width-modulated duty cycle. Closed-loop performance was evaluated in MATLAB Simulink across three operating modes and four load levels, and disturbance rejection was quantified using a Voltage Rejection Ratio (VRR) metric under white-noise, PWM, and sinusoidal noise injection. Results show output voltage regulation within 1.7 V of reference with ripple below 0.49%, closed-loop rise times of 3.25–6.05 ms with overshoot as low as 0.505% in the best-damped mode, and VRR performance limiting output variation to below 130 mV under ±20% input noise, with peak rejection ratios of up to 193.8 dB.

Keywords

State-space averaging; small-signal modeling; PID control; Dual Active Bridge converter; voltage rejection ratio; closed-loop regulation

Full Text:

Download Paper PDF

References

[1] F. A. Mohammed, M. E. Bahgat, S. S. Elmasry, and S. M. Sharaf, "Design of a maximum power point tracking-based PID controller for DC converter of stand-alone PV system," J. Electr. Syst. Inf. Technol., vol. 9, 2022.

[2] K. Aseem and S. Selva, "Closed loop control of DC-DC converters using PID and FOPID controllers," Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst., vol. 11, no. 13, pp. 1323–1332, 2020.

[3] D. Thaliyadath, D. Kaliyaperumal, and M. L. Kolhe, "Enhancing transient response in a DC-DC converter for electric vehicle DC fast charging applications using fractional-order PI control," Energies, vol. 17, no. 17, p. 4312, 2024.

[4] S. Huerta-Moro, J. D. Tavizón-Aldama, and E. Tlelo-Cuautle, "FPGA implementation of sliding mode control and proportional-integral-derivative controllers for a DC–DC buck converter," Technologies, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 184, 2024.

[5] F. Alyoussef, I. Kaya, and A. Akrad, "Robust PI-PD controller design: Industrial simulation case studies and a real-time application," Electronics, vol. 13, no. 17, p. 3362, 2024.

[6] H. İrgan, R. Menak, and N. Tan, "A comparative study on PI-PD controller design using stability region centroid methods for unstable, integrating and resonant systems with time delay," Meas. Control, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 245–265, 2024.

[7] S. Saeed, J. Garcia, and R. Georgious, "Dual-active-bridge isolated DC–DC converter with variable inductor for wide load range operation," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 8028–8043, 2021.

[8] K. V. G. Raghavendra et al., "A comprehensive review of DC–DC converter topologies and modulation strategies with recent advances in solar photovoltaic systems," Electronics, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 31, 2020.

Share your valuable work from Social Media Buttons