Artificial Intelligence-Driven Digital Transformation in the Public Sector: Pathways to Efficient, Transparent, and Sustainable Governance

Author

Ogechukwu Amina Ogu, Okoye Alexander To Chukwu


Abstract

 This study titled “Artificial Intelligence-Driven Digital Transformation in the Public Sector: Pathways to Efficient, Transparent, and Sustainable Governance” investigates how AI adoption fosters innovation and efficiency within Nigeria’s public administration. Anchored on Sociotechnical Systems Theory (STS) and Public Value Theory, the study explores how the integration of AI technologies enhances operational efficiency, transparency, and sustainability, while assessing the institutional and human capacity challenges influencing implementation. A mixed-method research design was adopted, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews across 217 purposively selected respondents from key Nigerian ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (regression and ANOVA) alongside thematic content analysis for qualitative insights. Findings reveal that AI adoption significantly enhances digital transformation outcomes (R² = 0.929, F = 2809.694, p < 0.05), demonstrating strong positive effects on efficiency, service delivery, and modernization. Human and institutional capacities jointly accounted for 95.8% of the variance in public administration processes (R² = 0.958, F = 2447.378, p < 0.05), indicating their critical role in AI integration. Furthermore, AI-driven strategies explained 93.1% of the variance in sustainable governance frameworks (R² = 0.931, F = 2922.588, p < 0.05), confirming that AI substantially contributes to transparency, accountability, and long-term sustainability. The study concludes that effective AI adoption transforms governance practices by promoting efficiency and accountability. It recommends expanding AI deployment across public institutions, strengthening institutional and human capacity through continuous training, and implementing strategic AI-based governance frameworks to ensure sustainable digital transformation in Nigeria’s public sector.


Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Transformation, Generative AI / Machine Learning, Public Sector Innovation, E-Governance / Digital Government



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References


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