Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Silybum Marianum Leaf Extract and Their Impact on Legume Seed Germination

Author

Widad Jassim Atia


Abstract

 This current study concerened with impact of AgNPs on seed germination of five legume species: mung bean, fenugreek, pea, bean and chickpea by soaking seed in different concentrations of biosynthesized AgNPs from Silybum marianum L. aqueous extract of vegetative parts. Experimentswere conducted in laboratories of AL Nahrain university. Characterization of NPs by (UV-Vis, FTIR, AFM, and SEM) was carried out at Scientific research commission laboratories. An absorption peak at 420nm, spherical to semi spherical shape, 49.8nm average diameter , FTIR of extract showed O-H hydroxyl and C=O carbonyl groups indicate to alcohols, phenolic compounds and flavonoids with N-H amines in amino acids and proteins, C-H2 and C-H3 groups heighlighting the prescence of terpenoids, lipids and aliphatic. After AgNPs synthesis, C-N of aromatic amines and O-H of phenolic compounds, these functional groups correspond to amino acids proteins and polyphenolic metabolities. SEM demonstrated homogenous distribution of AgNPs, diameters 46, 49, 64 and 79nm with average size approximately 59.5nm. Response of seed germination to AgNPs illustrated differences among tested species. Mung, bean, fenugreek and pea displayed high germination at concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml), with range values 93.84 to 100%, especially mung bean and fenugreek reached 100% at 0.1and 0.5mg/ml, although pea reached 100% at 0.0, 0.5 and 0.1mg/ml. In comparision, bean recorded significantly lower between 68.75% at 0.0 and 0.1mg/ml to 81.25% at 0.5mg/ml, whereas chickpea lowest value, especially at 0.5mg/ml, then followed by 62.50% at 0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml


Keywords

Silver nanoparticles; Silybum marianum; Trigonella foenum-graecum; C. arietinum, P. vulgaris, V. radiata, T. foenum-graecum, P. sativum; seed germination.


DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24098270


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References


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