A REVIEW ON ASSESSMENT AND PREVALENCE OF MENSTRUAL PAIN, CAUSES, FACTORS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS: DYSMENORRHEA

Author

Vishakha Thakkar,Dr. Harsha Patel , Mrs. Manuni Thakkar, Srushti Vataliya, Aryan Vasani, Nancy Soni , Vaidehi Trivedi

Abstract

 Aim: This review set out to look at how common dysmenorrhea is among adolescent girls and women of reproductive age, and to go through its causes, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and management. Methodology: We carried out a narrative review of research papers and reviews on dysmenorrhea published between 2010 and 2026, and summarised what they found in a descriptive way. Results: Dysmenorrhea is a very common menstrual health problem, and large meta-analyses put the pooled prevalence at roughly 66–73%. It is divided into primary dysmenorrhea (driven by prostaglandin-mediated uterine contractions and reduced uterine blood flow) and secondary dysmenorrhea (due to conditions such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibroids and pelvic inflammatory disease). Early menarche, a family history of the problem, stress, irregular sleep and low physical activity are linked to more severe pain. The pain gets in the way of attendance, concentration and everyday quality of life. Treatment options include NSAIDs, hormonal therapy, heat application and exercise. Conclusion: Recognising the problem early, assessing it properly, teaching girls and women about menstrual health and encouraging timely medical advice can ease menstrual pain and improve quality of life, although more research in specific populations is still needed.

Keywords

Dysmenorrhea, Menstrual pain, Primary dysmenorrhea, Secondary dysmenorrhea, Prostaglandins, Risk factors, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Women’s health

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References

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