High Voltage Power Transmission

Author

Gaware Akshay Madhukar, Kishor Eknath Doke and Dhanshri Shantaram Dhanwate

Abstract

 High voltage (HV) transmission carries bulk electric power from generation to load centers with low losses, but the choice of voltage and of AC or DC technology involves technical and economic trade-offs. This paper presents a quantitative study of HV overhead transmission. Line parameters, surge impedance loading (SIL) and thermal ratings are calculated for 220, 400 and 765 kV lines; conductor surface gradients are compared with corona onset; long-line voltage behavior and power-transfer capability are analyzed with shunt and series compensation; loadability is mapped against line length; and HVAC and HVDC are compared on present-value cost. For a fixed 500 MW transfer, raising the voltage from 220 to 765 kV cuts I2R loss from 3.95% to 0.33% per 100 km. A 300 km 400 kV line shows a 5.3% no-load voltage rise, reduced to 2.6% with 50% shunt compensation, and 40% series compensation raises the power-transfer limit from 584 to 899 MW. Under the stated cost assumptions HVDC becomes cheaper beyond about 740 km, with a range of 515–1040 km across converter cost and energy value.

Keywords

High voltage transmission, HVAC, HVDC, surge impedance loading, corona, Ferranti effect, reactive compensation, loadability.

Full Text:

Download Paper PDF

References

[1] P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

[2] J. D. Glover, M. S. Sarma, and T. J. Overbye, Power System Analysis and Design, 6th ed. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning, 2017.

[3] J. Arrillaga, High Voltage Direct Current Transmission, 2nd ed. London, U.K.: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1998.

[4] N. G. Hingorani and L. Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems. New York, NY, USA: IEEE Press, 2000.

[5] J. J. Grainger and W. D. Stevenson, Power System Analysis. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

[6] Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI AC Transmission Line Reference Book—200 kV and Above, 3rd ed. Palo Alto, CA, USA: EPRI, 2005.

[7] IEEE Standard for Calculating the Current-Temperature Relationship of Bare Overhead Conductors, IEEE Std 738-2012, 2013.

[8] R. D. Dunlop, R. Gutman, and P. P. Marchenko, “Analytical development of loadability characteristics for EHV and UHV transmission lines,” IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-98, no. 2, pp. 606–617, Mar. 1979.

[9] F. W. Peek, Dielectric Phenomena in High Voltage Engineering, 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1929.

[10] G. Flourentzou, V. G. Agelidis, and G. D. Demetriades, “VSC-based HVDC power transmission systems: An overview,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 592–602, Mar. 2009.

[11] D. Bahrman and B. K. Johnson, “The ABCs of HVDC transmission technologies,” IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 32–44, Mar./Apr. 2007.

[12] E. W. Kimbark, Direct Current Transmission, vol. 1. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1971.

[13] N. Kalair, N. Abas, and N. Khan, “Comparative study of HVAC and HVDC transmission systems,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 59, pp. 1653–1675, Jun. 2016.

[14] R. Rudervall, J. P. Charpentier, and R. Sharma, “High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems technology review paper,” presented at Energy Week 2000, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, Mar. 2000.

[15] L. L. Grigsby, Ed., Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2012.

Share your valuable work from Social Media Buttons