A Methodological Review of Blockchain-Based Verification and AI-Assisted Document Validation for Government NOC Management

Author

Abhishek Bacche, Ayush Vyavhare, Pranali Balwante

Abstract

  If you want to run a hotel, factory, or commercial building, you first need a No Objection Certificate (NOC) or a license. People still check those documents mostly by hand, on paper, and it's hard to audit once approval is given. Several technologies tackle pieces of this problem: blockchain hash anchoring, smart contracts, optical character recognition (OCR), document-understanding models, forgery detection, and human-in-the-loop decision support. This paper reviews 50 sources to see how these techniques have been built and tested, and how they might fit together into a verification workflow for government compliance certificates. Instead of sorting the technologies by type, we look at the job each one does: tamper-evident recording, off-chain storage, validation before approval, forgery detection, officer accountability and lifecycle tracking. Our reading is that hash anchoring and AI-based extraction are each fairly mature. What is rare is a study that combines them with officer-authoritative approval and expiry and renewal management, or that tests the whole chain end to end. We call this gap methodological fragmentation. From it we derive requirements for the next generation of NOC verification systems: AI-assisted preliminary validation, officer-authoritative approval, SHA-256 fingerprints with on-chain approval metadata, off-chain document storage, role-based access control, and automated expiry and renewal versioning. Together, these give a traceable path from the literature to a system design.

Keywords

Digital governance (e-Governance), Public sector automation, Administrative workflow optimization, Blockchain-based verification, Decentralized identity (DID)

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