1,3,4-Oxadiazole: A Comprehensive Review of its Chemistry, Synthetic Strategies, Pharmacological activities, and diverse applications

Author

Ms. Nafisath Misriya, Dr. Sebastin V


Abstract

 1,3,4-oxadiazole heterocycle is a five-membered aromatic ring with two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, derived conceptually from furan by substitution of two methylene groups (=CH-) with two pyridine-type nitrogen (-N=) atoms. This heterocycle has been drawing much attention due to its unusual range of biological activities, its role as a bioisostere of ester and amide groups in drug design, and its usage in materials science and agriculture. This review consolidates the current knowledge of the structural properties of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, its major synthetic routes (cyclodehydration of diacylhydrazines and oxidative cyclization of hydrazones) and its biological profile in anticancer, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and current green-chemistry approaches to its synthesis.


Keywords

1,3,4-Oxadiazole, Synthetic strategies, Pharmacological activities, Medicinal chemistry, Bioisosterism.



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