Plant-Mediated Nanoparticles from Indigofera: A Critical Review of Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Potential

Author

Ayshath Famsheena , Dr. Ajith Babu TK


Abstract

 Green synthesis uses plant extracts as reducing and capping agents to make metal and metal oxide nanoparticles without harsh reagents. The genus Indigofera (Fabaceae) is rich in flavonoids, terpenoids and other metabolites and has been used to prepare silver, gold, copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. This review summarizes the phytochemical basis of bio-reduction, the reaction parameters that control nanoparticle formation, the characterization methods used, and the reported pharmaceutical activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and drug-release behaviour. Limitations such as extract variability, toxicity and scale-up are discussed, and research gaps for Indigofera-mediated nanoparticles are identified.



Keywords

green synthesis; Indigofera tinctoria; silver nanoparticles; plant extract; phytochemicals; pharmaceutical applications



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References


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