Hybrid Steel–Polypropylene Fibre Reinforcement for Structural Recycled Aggregate Concrete: A Critical Review with Reference to Indian Practice

Author

Vineet Kumar, Chandan Kumar

Abstract

 Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) produced from demolished concrete can ease two problems at once: the shortage of natural aggregate and the growing volume of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Its use in structural concrete remains limited, mainly because the old mortar attached to each recycled particle lowers the stiffness, tensile strength and toughness of the concrete. In India, IS 383:2016 therefore permits RCA only up to 20% of the coarse aggregate in reinforced concrete of grade M25 and below. This review examines whether fibre reinforcement, and in particular hybrids of stiff steel macro fibres and fine polypropylene (PP) micro fibres, can offset these weaknesses. The literature is reviewed under five heads: the properties of RCA and the role of the double interfacial transition zone; the mechanical and durability behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC); aggregate treatment as an alternative remedy; mono-fibre and hybrid-fibre reinforcement, including the quantification of fibre synergy; and the flexural and shear behaviour of reinforced RAC members. The evidence shows that fibres act directly on the cracking-related weaknesses of RAC, while aggregate treatment mainly improves strength and absorption. Hybrid fibres outperform single fibres at the same total dosage in many natural aggregate studies, but evidence within recycled aggregate matrices, and especially at member scale, is still thin. Indian codes contain no provisions for fibre-reinforced concrete or for high RCA contents. The review closes with a set of research needs, including member-scale tests at high replacement, deflection and crack-width models for fibre-reinforced RAC, and standard methods for reporting fibre synergy.

Keywords

recycled aggregate concrete, hybrid fibre reinforcement, steel fibre, polypropylene fibre, fibre synergy, flexural behaviour, IS 383:2016, sustainable construction

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