Pharmacognostical, Phenetics and Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of the Leaves of Cissus Rotundifolia (FORSSK.) VAHL

Author

Dr. A. Krishnaveni, D. Merlin Ilavarasi, M. Renuga, V. Nithya


Abstract

 Introduction: Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl belongs to Vitaceae and is a succulent medicinal plant traditionally used for its nutritional and therapeutic importance which includes anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-ulcer, anti-parasitic, and anti-malarial activity. The present study was undertaken to establish the pharmacognostical and phytochemical characteristics of the leaves of Cissus rotundifolia and to provide suitable parameters for its identification and quality evaluation.

Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves of Cissus rotundifolia were collected from Ari Nursery Garden, Madakkulam, Madurai District, Tamil Nadu. The leaves was identified and authenticated by Dr.Stephen, Retired Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, American College, Madurai-625002. Morphological, microscopical, powder microscopical, quantitative microscopical and histochemical studies were carried out. Physicochemical parameters, fluorescence behaviour, preliminary phytochemical screening and quantitative estimation of total phenolic, tannin and flavonoid contents were performed using standard methods. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were also determined.

Results and Discussion: The leaves were characterized by a simple, circular to ovate, thick and succulent lamina with a cordate base, obtuse to rounded apex, crenate to serrate margin and reticulate venation. Microscopical examination revealed a dorsiventral leaf with distinct palisade and spongy tissues, mucilage cells, raphides, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals and conjoint collateral vascular bundles. Powder microscopy showed anomocytic stomata, palisade cells, raphide bundles, reticulate and spiral vessels, mucilage cells and acicular crystals. Histochemical studies confirmed lignin, starch, tannins, fixed oils and mucilage. The total ash, ethanol extractive and aqueous extractive values were 12.53 ± 0.10%, 22 ± 0.40% and 10.8 ± 0.20% w/w, respectively. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, mucilage, steroids, terpenoids and coumarins. The total gallic acid equivalent, tannic acid equivalent and quercetin equivalent were found to be 438 mg GAE/g, 206 mg TAE/g and 655.4 mg QE/g, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.98 and 5.99 µg/ml.

Conclusion: The present study establishes distinctive morphological, microscopical, physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of Cissus rotundifolia leaves. These findings provide useful diagnostic parameters for the proper identification, authentication and quality control of the plant material and may serve as a reference for further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations.


Keywords

Cissus rotundifolia, histochemistry, pharmacognostical evaluation, phenetics, physicochemical parameters, phytochemical screening, powder microscopy, qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoconstituents,Vitaceae.



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References


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