Polymeric Nanoparticles versus Conventional Oral Solid Dosage Forms in Diabetes Management: A Comparative Review of Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Prospects

Author

Prathuish T


Abstract

 Diabetes mellitus represents one of the most challenging chronic metabolic disorders of the twenty-first century, affecting hundreds of millions worldwide. Conventional oral solid dosage forms, including tablets and capsules, remain the mainstay of pharmacological intervention for type 2 diabetes, while injectable insulin continues to dominate type 1 diabetes management. However, these conventional formulations are often limited by poor bioavailability, extensive first-pass metabolism, gastrointestinal degradation, and suboptimal patient compliance. Polymeric nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a transformative approach to overcome these limitations. This review provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of polymeric nanoparticles versus conventional oral solid dosage forms in diabetes management, focusing on pharmacokinetic enhancement, therapeutic efficacy in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, safety profiles, and clinical translation challenges. A meta-analytical perspective is incorporated to quantitatively validate the superiority of nanoparticulate systems in enhancing oral drug bioavailability. The evidence presented suggests that polymeric nanoparticles offer significant advantages over conventional formulations, including enhanced bioavailability, sustained drug release, improved glycemic control, and reduced dosing frequency, positioning them as a promising platform for next-generation diabetes therapeutics.


Keywords

polymeric nanoparticles, diabetes mellitus, oral drug delivery, PLGA, chitosan, bioavailability, insulin, metformin, controlled release.



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References


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