Ethosomal Gel: A Comprehensive Review of Formulation, Evaluation, and Recent Patents

Author

Kushal Kumar, Priya Thakur, Dr. Avneet Gupta, Jatin, Payal


Abstract

  Ethosomes, which are soft, flexible phospholipid vesicles with a relatively high ethanol concentration, have better skin-penetration properties and more deformability than conventional liposomes [1,12]. When incorporated into a gel matrix, the resulting ethosomal gel combines the deep-penetrating, dual (hydrophilic and lipophilic) drug-loading capability of the vesicular core with the beneficial spreadability, retention time, and patient acceptance of a semisolid dosage form [3,32]. This paper summarises ten years of ethosomal gel technology researchThe main ethosome fabrication techniques (cold method, hot method, ethanol/classic injection, mechanical dispersion/probe sonication, and thin-film hydration) [14], gelling techniques for converting ethosomal dispersions into topical/transdermal gels, and the complete set of physicochemical, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation parameters used to characterise these systems are all covered [3,7]. The shift in industrial interest from simple high-ethanol vesicle compositions to low-irritation, low-ethanol platforms, ceramide-modified vesicles, and extension of the ethosome concept to non-dermal routes like the eye is demonstrated by a dedicated section that examines patents granted or published over the past ten years [21,22,23,24]. NSAIDs, antiviral and antifungal medications, anticancer medications, hormonal In addition to the ongoing issues of ethanol-related irritation, physical stability, and scale-up, agents, peptides, and cosmeceutical actives are summarised [7,20,28,33,34]. The next generation of ethosomal gel products is being shaped by emerging directions (transethosomes, nanoethosomes, binary ethosomes, and hybrid nanocarrier–gel systems) [16].



Keywords

vesicular carriers, penetration enhancers, ethosomes, ethosomal gel, transdermal medication administration, nanotechnology, and patents.



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References


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