Nardostachys Jatamansi (D. Don) DC.: A Comprehensive Review on its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Conservation Status and Recent Therapeutic Advances

Author

Nihira Sanjay Deolikar, Jyoti Pal, Payal Dhankani


Abstract

 Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. (caprifoliaceae, valerianoideae), commonly known as Indian spikenard or jatamansi, is a minute rhizomatous perennial herbaceous plant of the alpine and sub-alpine Himalaya (3000-5200 m). It has been used for millennia in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Tibetan and traditional Chinese medicine as a nervine tonic, sedative, antispasmodic and cardiotonic agent. The rhizomes of this plant contain a variety of sesquiterpenoids (jatamansone/valeranone, nardosinone, nardostachone, spirojatamol, calarenol), pyranocoumarins (jatamansin, jatamansinol, seselin), iridoids, lignans and flavonoids, which are responsible for the pharmacological activities of this plant. This review focuses on the neuroprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant, anti-parkinsonian, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidermatitic, antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties of N. jatamansi, published mostly between 2018 and 2025. Particular emphasis is placed on mechanistic studies, network-pharmacology and molecular-docking analyses, while the limited body of randomized controlled trials for generalized anxiety disorders and post-stroke depression is also highlighted. Essential-oil chemistry and geographical variations are discussed, together with nanotechnology-based approaches to extraction and delivery, conservation status (IUCN Red List), and micropropagation and conservation strategies to ensure a sustainable supply of raw material. The review also highlights the research gaps, particularly in human clinical studies, pharmacokinetics and toxicology, and provides an outlook on future research.



Keywords

Nardostachys jatamansi; jatamansi; spikenard; Valerianaceae; neuroprotection; anxiolytic; sesquiterpenoids; conservation; ethnopharmacology



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References


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