A Review of Cutting Temperature and Cutting-Tool Material Effects on Surface Integrity During CNC Turning of Hardened AISI M2 Tool Steel

Author

Patil Mangesh Pramodrao


Abstract

 Hard turning of hardened tool steels is governed by a coupled thermo-mechanical and tribological system in which cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, tool material, tool geometry and interface conditions jointly determine heat generation, heat partition, tool wear and work piece surface integrity. This review critically examines the role of cutting temperature and cutting-tool material in CNC turning, with particular emphasis on hardened AISI M2 high-speed tool steel. Cemented carbide, ceramic and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN/CBN) tools are compared in terms of hot hardness, fracture toughness, thermal transport, chemical stability and dominant wear mechanisms. Published studies show that cutting temperature is strongly affected by cutting speed and by thermal and tribological characteristics of the tool–chip interface. Comparative hard-turning work also demonstrates that a tool with superior hot hardness is not automatically the best choice at every speed because coatings, thermal conductivity, tribo-film formation and friction can change heat partition and tool life. The supplied AISI M2–CBN experimental dataset is used as a quantitative case-study baseline: feed accounts for 95.35% of surface-roughness variation, feed and depth of cut contribute 48.83% and 48.20% of cutting-force variation, and cutting speed contributes 78.05% of flank-wear variation. The review identifies direct temperature measurement, controlled tool-material comparison, uncertainty quantification, cross-validated modeling and multi-objective optimization as key requirements for future AISI M2 research.      



Keywords

AISI M2, hard turning; cutting temperature, PCBN, CBN, ceramic, cemented carbide, surface roughness, flank wear, cutting force, surface integrity.



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References


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